“If Ioudaios is translated as ‘Jew,’ this means a Jew is being contrasted with the Gentiles. If it is translated as ‘Judean,’ the primary contrast is with the Galileans—although it could also be in contrast with other groups as well: Samaritans, say. The parallel is not exact, but we do something similar with the word ‘Yank’ or ‘Yankee.’ It can mean New Englander as opposed to other Americans, or it can mean Americans over against the rest of the world.
American Milk and Honey, pp. 69-70