Acts of the Apostles (27)
Introduction
In this chapter, we should notice a few introductions, and a notable contrast. We are introduced to John Mark, the author of the second gospel, in which he served as Peter’s “secretary.” We are also introduced, obliquely, to James the Lord’s brother. And the contrast is between how the angel of the Lord treated Peter over against Herod.
The Text
“Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.) And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people. Peter therefore was kept in prison: but prayer was made without ceasing of the church unto God for him . . .” (Acts 12: 1-25).
Summary of the Text
So Herod decided to harass the church (v. 1), with the result that James the apostle was martyred (v. 2). Herod saw that this scored some points for him with the Jews, so he arrested Peter also (v. 3). This was again the time of Passover, the anniversary of the Lord’s death. Peter was turned over to four squads of soldiers, with the intent that he would be brought out before the people after Passover (v. 4). So Peter was in jail, with the church praying earnestly for him (v. 5). The night before he was to be brought out, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with 2 chains, and with guards at the gate (v. 6). An angel of the Lord appeared, and a bright light, and the angel struck Peter on the side, telling him to get up quickly (v. 7), which he did, the chains having fallen off. The angel told him to put on his sandals and cloak, and to follow (v. 8). Peter did what he was told, thinking it a vision (v. 9). They passed two guard posts, and then came to an iron gate to the city, which opened by itself. They went out, down one street, and the angel disappeared (v. 10). Peter then realized what had happened—an angel had delivered him from Herod, and the bloodlust of the Jews (v. 11). He thought it over, and went to the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark, where there was a prayer meeting going on (v. 12). Peter knocked at the gate, and a slave girl named Rhoda answered (v. 13). She recognized Peter’s voice, and without opening up, ran in and told everybody (v. 14). They all said she was crazy, but she insisted, and so they said it must be some kind of angelic doppelganger (v. 15). But Peter kept knocking and when they finally opened the door, they were astounded (v. 16). He quieted them by gesticulating, told them the story, and told them to get the word to (a different) James, and the brothers, and then he disappeared (v. 17). In the morning, there was a commotion at the prison over the missing prisoner (v. 18). Herod inquired, and ordered the guards to be executed (v. 19), and then left for Caesarea.
In the meantime, there had been a political quarrel between Herod and the cities of Tyre and Sidon (v. 20). But they wanted to make peace because they were dependent upon imports from Herod, negotiating through an official of Herod’s named Blastus (v. 20). Remember there is a famine going on. So Herod came out to make a speech, arrayed in royal apparel (v. 21). The people were enthusiastic—“the voice of a god, not a man” (v. 22). But because he did not give God glory, the angel of the Lord struck him, and he was consumed by worms and died (v. 23). The Word of God, however, continued to thrive (v. 24). And when Barnabas and Saul completed their famine relief ministry, they left Jerusalem for Antioch, taking John Mark with them (v. 25).
James, the Lord’s Brother
The chapter begins with James, the brother of John, getting executed. He was half of the “sons of thunder” (Mark 3:17), a son of Zebedee. He was one of the Twelve, and was the first apostle to die. But notice that Peter tells the people at John Mark’s house to get to the word to “James and to the brethren.” This would be James, the Lord’s brother, and author of the book of James. When Jesus was alive, James was not a believer (John 7:5), but we do know that Jesus appeared to him after the resurrection (1 Cor. 15:7). And by this point in Acts, he already has a position of some prominence (v. 17). And by the Jerusalem Council, in Acts 15, he presides over the Council.
And John Mark
This is the place where John Mark is introduced by name. But it is at least possible that we have seen him before (and I think likely). Take note of the fact that he lives in a house in Jerusalem big enough to host a prayer meeting, and it is a house with at least one domestic slave, Rhoda. John Mark is wealthy, in other words. And in the account of the rich young ruler, which occurs in three gospels (Matt. 19:16-30; Mark 10:17-31; Luke 18:18-30), the gospel of Mark is suggestive in that it is the only one where it says Jesus looked on him and “loved him” (Mark 10:21). And in one other tantalizing possibility, with an incident unique to Mark, a young man ran off naked the night of the Lord’s arrest (Mark 14:51-52). It is hard for me to understand what on earth that detail might be there for, if not for Mark making a point of including it.
Struck by the Angel
Josephus has an account of Herod Agrippa’s death in his Antiquities (19.8.2). While being hailed as a god, he was struck with severe abdominal pain, was carried to the palace, and died five days later.
So in this chapter, two men are struck (patasso), Peter for blessing and Herod for cursing. For Peter, that striking results in deliverance from death. For Herod, the striking results in an agonizing death. In both cases, the striking is performed by the angel of the Lord. And it appears from the nature of Herod’s affliction that they were both struck in the middle of the body.
What may we take from this? God’s providential dealings with us are frequently inscrutable, and we often do not know what is going on. Peter thought his deliverance was a vision. The people at John Mark’s thought it was more likely that they were being visited by Peter’s angel than that Peter had been delivered by an angel. In a contrasting way, Herod was also slow to read his impending judgment.
We need to be more quick-eyed in seeing God’s kindness to us. Our deliverance does not always look or feel like deliverance. And the judgment of God might be arriving in the roar of the crowd’s approval. When the angel of the Lord strikes you, what kind of striking shall it be?